GS-LIVO: Real-Time LiDAR, Inertial, and Visual Multisensor Fused Odometry With Gaussian Mapping

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

In recent years, 3D Gaussian splatting (3D-GS) has emerged as a novel scene representation approach. However, existing vision-only 3D-GS methods often rely on hand-crafted heuristics for point-cloud densification and face challenges in handling occlusions and high GPU memory and computation consumption [1]. LiDAR-Inertial-Visual (LIV) sensor configuration has demonstrated superior performance in precise localization and dense mapping by leveraging complementary sensing characteristics: rich texture information from cameras, precise geometric measurements from LiDAR, and high-frequency motion data from IMU [2]-[8]. Inspired by this, we propose a novel real-time Gaussian-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system. Our map system comprises a global Gaussian map and a sliding window of Gaussians, along with an IESKF-based real-time odometry utilizing Gaussian maps. The structure of the global Gaussian map consists of hash-indexed voxels organized in a recursive octree. This hierarchical structure effectively covers sparse spatial volumes while adapting to different levels of detail and scales in the environment. The Gaussian map is efficiently initialized through multi-sensor fusion and optimized with photometric gradients. Our system incrementally maintains a sliding window of Gaussians with minimal graphics memory usage, significantly reducing GPU computation and memory consumption by only optimizing the map within the sliding window, enabling real-time optimization. Moreover, we implement a tightly coupled multi-sensor fusion odometry with an iterative error state Kalman filter (IESKF), which leverages real-time updating and rendering of the Gaussian map to achieve competitive localization accuracy. Our system represents the first real-time Gaussian-based SLAM framework deployable on resource-constrained embedded systems (all implemented in C++/CUDA for efficiency), demonstrated on theNVIDIA Jetson Orin NXplatform. The framework achieves real-time performance while maintaining robust multi-sensor fusion capabilities. All implementation algorithms, hardware designs, and CAD models and demo video of our GPU-accelerated system will be publicly available athttps://github.com/HKUST-Aerial-Robotics/GS-LIVO.