Ventricular Septal Defect and Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography apical four-chamber view, end-diastolic (a) and end-systolic (b) cardiac cycle phases: note normal left ventricular size and upper reference limit right ventricle size, with normal biventricular systolic function

• 

  Figure 2. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography off-axis parasternal long-axis view for right ventricle (a) and off-axis apical five-chamber view (b): note septal and anterolateral tricuspid valve leaflet thickening and infiltration (empty arrows) and the voluminous vegetation along the right side of the interventricular septum, next to the ventricular septal defect (full arrow)

• 

  Figure 3. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography subcostal short-axis (a) and four-chamber (b) views: note tricuspid valve leaflet involvement (empty arrows) and small pericardial effusion

• 

  Figure 4. Two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography mid-esophageal right ventricle inflow-outflow view: note the small vegetation inside the ventricular septal defect (a: empty arrow) and the left-to-right shunt (b: full arrow)