Comparative Study of Chemical Profiles of Leaf, Root and Seed Essential Oils of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook

Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) leaf, root and seed essential oils from Nigeria were obtained by hydro distillation using Clevenger apparatus.The oils were analyzed by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Eighty-one components were identified in the three plant parts.The oil yields were 0.8 % (leaf), 0.5 % (root) and 1.25 % (seed) v/w of the wet sample.The leaf oil reveals the presence of 26 components accounting for about 99.91 % of the whole volatiles.Sesquiterpenoids hydrocarbons are the most abundant (45.31 %), followed by hydrocarbon (42.03 %), oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (4.86 %) and oxygenated monoterpenoids (2.87 %).The major constituents in the leaf oil were 8-methylenedispiro[2.1.2.4]undecane (25.96 %), aromandendrene (14.90 %), germacrene D (12.98 %).Other notable constituents found are β-farnesene (5.59 %), patchoulane (3.84 %), β-bisabolene (3.37 %) and bisabol (3.24 %).Forty-five components were detected and identified in the root essential oil amounting to about 99 % of the whole volatiles and is characterized by large presence of sesquiterpenoids hydrocarbon (62.69 %) followed by monoterpenoids hydrocarbon (10.69 %), oxygenated monoterpenoids (8.01 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (7.39 %).The most abundant components are caryophyllene (19.21 %), Z-βfarnesene (11.18 %), aromandedrene (9.89 %), β-bisabolene (8.12 %) and (+)-nerolidol (4.56 %).In the seed essential oil, 21 compounds were identified accounting for about 99.76 % of the whole volatiles.The most abundant class of terpenoids are the oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (26.41 %), followed by monoterpenoids hydrocarbon (26.07 %).The main components of the seed essential oil are exaltone (26.41 %), limonene (9.72 %), oxirane tetradecyl (8.80 %), 4-methylcyclopentadecanone (8.80 %), trans-β-ocimene (6.16 %) and 1R-α-pinene (6.15 %).