Linoleic acid was heated at 200 degrees C under helium. Analysis of degradation products by GC on a long polar open tubular capillary column showed the presence of CLA isomers. The identified mono trans CLA isomers were cis-9,trans-11, trans-9,cis-11, trans-10,cis-12, cis-10,trans-1 2, trans-8,cis-10, and cis-11,trans-13 18:2 acids. Oils containing different levels of linoleic acid (peanut, sesame seed, and safflower seed oils) were also heat treated, resulting in similar CLA distributions. Elution order was confirmed using cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-1 2 acid methyl esters standards and their respective configuration isomers (trans-9,cis-11, cis-10,trans-12), obtained after mild selenium-catalyzed isomerization. These results indicated that two conjugated mono trans isomers of 18:2 acid, cis-8,trans-10 and trans-11,cis-13 18:2 were absent from the series, thus strongly suggesting that some constraints were preventing their formation. By heating pure methyl rumenate (cis-9,trans-11 18:2) under similar conditions, isomerization resulted principally in a nearly equimolar mixture of methyl rumenate and trans-8,cis-10 18:2. Similarly, the methyl ester of trans-10,cis-12 18:2 acid was partially transformed into cis-11 ,trans-13 18:2 acid. Respective geometrical isomers were also formed in trace amounts. A concerted pericyclic isomerization mechanism, a [1,5] sigmatropic rearrangement, is proposed that limits the conjugated system to isomerization from a cis-trans acid to a trans-cis acid, and vice versa. This mechanism is consistent with undetected cis-8,trans-10 and trans-11,cis-13 18:2 isomers in heated oils containing linoleic acid.
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Destaillats et al. (2002) studied this question.
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