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A microstrip patch antenna operating in the 5 GHz range and tuned by liquid crystal (LC) is described. The simulated tuning range is 8% while the measurements showed a range of 4%. Losses in the commercially available LC material at these frequencies give rise to antenna efficiencies ranging from 35–40% at best and falling to around 20% when the LC is in the unbiased state.
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Liu et al. (2008) studied this question.
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