A Cross-sectional Exploratory Investigation of Mental Health Status and Correlates in University Students in Germany and the United States

Background Scientific literature continues to indicate significant levels of negative mental health among university students. Thus, mental health remains a concerning dynamic problem evolving with the fast pace of society, variety/novelty of challenging events, and the generational differences in coping strategies. In this cross-sectional study we simultaneously compared mental health and potential stressors in two samples (Germany and United States) of university students. Methods : Utilizing convenience sampling, university students (18+ years; Germany, n =1497; United States (U.S), n = 507) meeting inclusion criteria were administered an anonymous survey consisting of questions assessing demographics, mental health (specifically depression, anxiety and stress), and potential stressors experienced within the university environment. Results : Our sample comprised of a significantly higher percentage of females overall. Age-range was not different between countries. However, median age was significantly higher in the German sample. Significant differences were also present between the two samples in relation to various demographics. Sex differences, within each country, were present in relation to anxiety and stress but not depression, with females scoring higher. The top five sources of stress reported for the two samples where the same. Consideration is necessary, however, of comparability constraints. Conclusion : Despite the limitations, including, but not limited to, in sampling strategy, that limit direct comparisons most especially in relation to the mental health measures, the results highlight the prevalence of negative mental health and similarity in underlying factors/predictors influencing the psychological wellbeing of students, emphasizing the necessity for greater in-depth consideration of common underlying issues that transcend countries and cultures.