Why the study?
Whether the associations between Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health metrics and mortality from CVD and its subtypes differ across frailty status remains unknown.
Does a higher Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health score reduce cardiovascular mortality risk across different frailty statuses in adults without baseline CVD?
Does a higher Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health score reduce cardiovascular mortality risk across different frailty statuses in adults without baseline CVD?
Ideal cardiovascular health, as measured by Life's Essential 8, is associated with a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular mortality regardless of baseline frailty status.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Higher CVH scores were associated with lower CVD mortality; extends Life's Essential 8 evidence yet leaves open frailty effects pending trials.
Background: Higher cardiovascular health (CVH) scores are related to lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and frailty status may moderate the association. Whether the associations of Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with mortality from CVD and its subtypes differ across frailty status remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between LE8 and CVD mortality among individuals with different frailty status. Methods: Data were sourced from the UK Biobank of 439,462 participants aged 37-73 years. LE8, as a metric of CVH, was assessed using four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep health) and four health factors (body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Frailty status was measured with frailty index (FI) and Fried phenotype (FP). The outcomes included mortality of CVD, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association, and additive and multiplicative interactive effects were also examined. Compared with those with low LE8 and frail, the HR for individuals who are not frail and with high LE8 level was about 0.15. Similar results were found for endpoints of CVD subtypes and for participants of all ages and sexes, and specifically, CVH appeared to be better protected for CVD mortality in those who were not treated for blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes. Conclusion: Ideal CVH was associated with lower risk of CVD mortality regardless of frailty status. Specifically, for frail participants, optimizing CVH is a cost-effective strategy to mitigate CVD risk and promote healthy ageing.
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Chai et al. (2025) studied this question.
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