Three-Dimensional Orientations of Polymer-Bound Single Molecules

Utilizing noninvasive far- and near-field microscopy techniques, the dipole emission patterns of individual molecules have been directly visualized. By accurately modeling the imaging system upon introduction of specific aberrations, fits of simulated to observed molecular images have enabled true three-dimensional single-molecule orientation determinations at room temperature. Following emission pattern changes in time, this new imaging technique has enabled observation of individual molecule rotational motions within polymeric hosts. Such single-molecule orientational diffusion measurements cannot only probe nanoscale polymer dynamics, but should also lead to enhanced understandings of many materials and biological systems.