Virological and Epidemiological Features of Norovirus Infections in Brazil, 2017–2018

Figures

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  Figure 1. Location of the study areas (states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina) within Brazil.

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  Figure 2. Monthly distribution of tested acute gastroenteritis samples, norovirus-positive samples and norovirus detection rates in Brazil during 2017–2018.

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  Figure 3. Norovirus viral load expressed as log10 genome copies per gram of stool (GC/g) between genogroups I (GI) and GII detected throughout the study. Box-and-whisker plots show the median (the horizontal line) and range of log10 GC/g values. **** p ≤ 0.0001.

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  Figure 4. Norovirus viral load expressed as log10 genome copies per gram of stool (GC/g) between genogroups I (GI) and GII detected throughout the study. Box-and-whisker plots show the median (the horizontal line) and range of log10 GC/g values. *** p ≤ 0.001; ** p ≤ 0.01.

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  Figure 5. Quarterly distribution of genogroups I, II, and GIX norovirus identified in Brazil between 2017 and 2018 and the proportion of the polymerase (RdRp) types (A) and capsid genotypes (B) of norovirus strains.

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  Figure 6. Phylogenetic analyses based on ORF1 (A) and ORF2 (B) nucleotide (nt) sequences of GI norovirus Brazilian strains. Reference strains were downloaded from GenBank and labeled with their accession number. Sequences obtained are shown as per country followed by the LVCA, internal register number, year, and genotype of collection (i.e., BRA/LVCA26473/2017). Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA X software and bootstrap tests (2000 replicates), based on the Kimura two-parameter model. Bootstrap values above 60% are given at branch nodes.

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  Figure 7. Phylogenetic analyses based on ORF1 (A) and ORF2 (B) nucleotide (nt) sequences of GII norovirus Brazilian strains. Reference strains were downloaded from GenBank and labeled with their accession number. Sequences obtained are shown as per country followed by the LVCA, internal register number, year, and genotype of collection (i.e., BRA/LVCA26121/2017). Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA X software and bootstrap tests (2000 replicates), based on the Kimura two-parameter model. Bootstrap values above 60% are given at branch nodes.