Effect of CsBr–MnCl₂ mixed fillers on the crystal structure and optical and electrical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films filled with ( x )CsBr(15 − x )MnCl 2 , where 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 15%, were prepared by a casting technique. The crystal structure properties of the prepared films were examined by XRD, DTA, and FTIR. A correlation between XRD, DTA, and FTIR of the filled polymer was discussed. Optical absorption measurements revealed two optical band gaps ( E g 1 and E g 2 ). The electrical properties were studied using dc electrical conductivity. The filling level (FL) dependency of E g 1 and E g 2 , thermal activation energy (Δ E ), and hopping distance ( R 0 ) are given to illustrate the behavior of the filled polymers.