Providing individualized education to patients post myocardial infarction: A literature review

Aim: This article aims to review the published literature on providing individualized education to patients post myocardial infarction with focus on education methods. Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Patient education is vital to cardiac rehabilitation to reduce morbidity and mortality. Many factors increase a patient’s risk of reoccurrence of MI including smoking, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol and sedentary lifestyle. Cardiac rehabilitation is vital to increase patient’s awareness of risk factors in order to improve their chance of recovery and survival. The participation of patients in their own care has also been shown to improve cardiac rehabilitation. Research has demonstrated that information plays a vital role in patient recovery and prevention of further MI. Nonetheless, research studies continue to conclude that patient education needs are not being met. Conclusions: In this literature review individualized education was identified as the most effective rehabilitation for MI patients. Patient education needs, preferences, social factors and stage of recovery need to be individually assessed. Only then can education specific to the individual patient be compiled and the most appropriate education method chosen through which the information can be delivered. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses are in a prime position to assess patient education needs and with the help of evidence-based practice and research findings, nurses can implement cardiac rehabilitation programmes that will provide the most effective education for the individual patient and family.