Addressing Controversies in the Management of Ankle Fractures

Ankle fractures account for approximately 10% of all fractures and are among the most common orthopedic injuries treated surgically. The incidence of these injuries has increased significantly in the last decade, particularly in the elderly population. Regardless of the method of intervention, the primary goal is restoration of normal anatomy to achieve normal biomechanics, painless function, and prevent long-term posttraumatic degeneration. Surgical treatment carries a potential risk of complications, such as nonunion, implant failure, and soft tissuerelated complications. Despite the invention of novel devices, surgical techniques and biomechanical studies for restoration and maintenance of the congruent ankle joint following ankle fractures, several aspects of management of these injuries still remain controversial. The aim of this article is to address these controversies based on the available evidence base.