Advances in adhesion science that have enabled the use of aluminium and titanium bonded joints in structural applications have so far not been transferable to steel substrates. Although there is a fundamental understanding of what is necessary to form strong, durable adhesive bonds, the complex metallurgy and surface chemistry encountered in steels have caused difficulties with the crucial surface preparation step before bonding. Recent research in the field shows some promise, but it appears that a universal bonding process that would provide mechanical strength and bond durability comparable to that enjoyed by aluminium and titanium is not currently feasible for all types of steel.
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McNamara et al. (1987) studied this question.
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