Why the study?
Previous studies proposing baseline plasma aldosterone cutoffs to diagnose primary aldosteronism without confirmatory testing were limited by small sample sizes and single-center designs.
Can baseline plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity predict positive confirmatory tests in patients with primary aldosteronism?
Can baseline plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity predict positive confirmatory tests in patients with primary aldosteronism?
A baseline plasma aldosterone concentration ≥ 30.85 ng/dL combined with a baseline plasma renin activity ≤ 0.6 ng/mL/h can accurately predict primary aldosteronism, allowing for the omission of confirmatory testing.
May support omitting confirmatory tests in select PA cases; hypothesis-generating, needs prospective validation.
CONTEXT: Previous studies have proposed cutoff value of baseline plasma aldosterone concentration (bPAC) under renin suppression that could diagnose primary aldosteronism (PA) without confirmatory testing. However, those studies are limited by selection bias due to a small number of patients and a single-center study design. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine cutoff value of bPAC and baseline plasma renin activity (bPRA) for predicting positive results in confirmatory tests for PA. DESIGN: The multi-institutional, retrospective, cohort study was conducted using the PA registry in Japan (JPAS/JRAS). We compared bPAC in patients with PA who showed positive and negative captopril challenge test (CCT) or saline infusion test (SIT) results. PATIENTS: Patients with PA who underwent CCT (n = 2256) and/or SIT (n = 1184) were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcomes were cutoff value of bPAC (ng/dL) and bPRA (ng/mL/h) for predicting positive CCT and/or SIT results. RESULTS: In patients with renin suppression (bPRA ≤ 0.3), the cutoff value of bPAC that would give 100% specificity for predicting a positive SIT result was lower than that for predicting a positive CCT result (30.85 vs 56.35, respectively). Specificities of bPAC cutoff values ≥ 30.85 for predicting positive SIT and CCT results remained high (100.0% and 97.0%, respectively) in patients with bPRA ≤ 0.6. However, the specificities of bPAC cutoff values ≥ 30.85 for predicting positive SIT and CCT results decreased when patients with bPRA > 0.6 were included. CONCLUSION: Confirmatory testing could be omitted in patients with bPAC ≥ 30.85 in the presence of bPRA ≤ 0.6.
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Kawashima et al. (2020) studied this question.
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