Proton therapy for the treatment of children with CNS malignancies

Proton therapy is a novel technique for treating pediatric malignancies. As a tool to reduce normal-tissue dose, it has the potential to decrease late toxicity. Although proton therapy has been used for over five decades, most pediatric dosimetry studies and clinical series have been published over the last 10 years. The purpose of this article is to review the physical, radiobiological and economic rationales for proton therapy in pediatric CNS malignancies, and provide an overview of the current challenges and future direction of research and utilization of this approach.