A porous cathode material consisting of interconnected single crystal LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) nanoparticles has been synthesized for lithium ion batteries. Trace nitric acid is used as pH value adjuster to form honeycomb-shaped foam, and a novel stepwise crystallization process is employed to obtain NCM particles. The modified sol–gel process followed by an optimized crystallization process results in significant improvements in chemical and physical characteristics of the NCM particles. They consist of a fully-developed single crystal NCM with uniform composition and a porous NCM architecture with a reduced degree of fusion and a large specific surface area. These structural modifications in turn significantly enhance the electrochemical properties of the NCM cathode material, in terms of improved charge/discharge capacity, cyclic stability and rate capability.
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Huang et al. (2011) studied this question.
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