Stoichiometric Investigations of the Liquid State IV. Viscosity of Associated Liquid

Abstract (1) It is concluded from analysis of viscous flow that associated liquid can be classified as follows. The first kind: Associated bodies can be distinguished clearly from one another, owing to the strong hydrogen bond. Each associated body flows as a unit in the case of viscous flow. Examples: saturated fatty acid, saturated aliphatic alcohol, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide. The second kind: There are no associated bodies which are distinguished clearly from one another, owing to the weak hydrogen bond. The liquid makes overall three-dimensional network structure. Hydrogen bond is destroyed in the case of viscous flow. Examples: water, ethylene glycole, glycerin, ammonia. (2) Influence of branching, polar group and ring upon activation energy of viscous flow of unassociated liquid is discussed. (3) It is found that entropy of activation of viscous flow of unassociated liquid is constant and equal to ca. −2.9 E.U./mole with some exceptions. (4) The method for calculating degree of association of associated liquid of the first kind from energy and entropy of activation of viscous flow is presented. (5) Association state of the first kind liquid is discussed in detail.