The cold work of forming results in large plastic strains in the corner elements of light gage cold-formed steel members. As a direct result of these plastic strains, the yield strength of corner elements may be increased to as much as 100% above the original yield strength of the material. These changes in materials properties may have a marked influence on the structural performance of members containing corners. An analytical method for predicting the yield strength of cold-formed corners is developed. The theoretical results compare well with test results of corners fabricated from nine different types of sheet steel. The method provides a rational approach for including the effects of cold-forming of corner elements in the design of light-gage steel members.
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Kenneth W. Karren (1967) studied this question.