Key result
Dietary carotenoids show inconsistent benefits, while high-dose beta-carotene fails to prevent CVD or cancer.
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Key epidemiologic studies show associations between high dietary intakes of certain carotenoid-containing fruits and vegetables and reduced risk of prostate cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancers, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration, although overall the evidence is inconsistent. Little is known about the potential biochemical mechanisms whereby carotenoids might protect against disease, and human intervention trials are limited to high dose beta-carotene, which is not protective against lung cancer or cardiovascular disease. Authoritative scientific organizations continue to emphasize increased consumption of fruits and vegetables but do not make specific recommendations for carotenoids because of a lack of data that directly link them to disease reduction.
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Cooper et al. (2009) conducted a review in Cancers (prostate, breast, head and neck, lung), cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Dietary carotenoids and high-dose beta-carotene was evaluated on Risk of certain cancers, cardiovascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Dietary carotenoids show inconsistent associations with reduced cancer, CVD, and AMD risk, while high-dose beta-carotene trials show no protection against lung cancer or CVD.
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