Predictors of changes in functional capacity on a cardiac rehabilitation program

Introduction The effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP) strongly influences the recovery of functional capacity (FC), resulting in improved prognosis and survival. Objective To determine the cardiovascular risk factors that predict changes in FC in patients on CRP. Methods We performed a cross-sectional descriptive retrospective study of patients who began a CRP between January 2008 and December 2013. The dependent variable was changes in FC estimated in metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved in stress testing at the beginning and end of the phase II program. The independent variables were age, gender, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, physical activity level and reason for referral to the CRP. Results The sample included 1399 patients, of whom 1125 (80.4%) completed the program. FC improved in most patients (93%), with a mean gain of 1.45±1.19 METs. Patients aged 45–65 and over 65 years achieved a greater increase in FC compared with other age groups. Patients admitted to the CRP after coronary artery bypass graft surgery obtained a greater improvement in FC compared to patients with acute coronary syndrome. Non-diabetic patients benefited more than diabetic patients. No significant differences were seen between the groups in the other variables. Conclusion This study highlights the need for new and individualized approaches in certain subgroups of patients on CRP.