Emerging Pollutants in the Environment. I. Sources, Accumulation, and Ecological Implications

The persistence of emerging pollutants (EPs) in the environment presents a significant global challenge, as these contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals, pesticides, nanomaterials, and microplastics, accumulate in water, soil, air, and biota with often unknown long-term consequences. Their chemical stability, resistance to degradation, and widespread use contribute to their continuous environmental presence, raising concerns about ecological disruptions. Many EPs induce impacts on reproductive health, metabolic functions, biodiversity, and microbial communities. Their bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food chains further amplify risks, while their transboundary mobility complicates mitigation efforts. Current regulatory frameworks remain insufficient in addressing EP persistence, necessitating coordinated global actions, enhanced monitoring strategies, and the development of advanced treatment technologies. This review explores the sources, environmental behavior, and impacts of EPs, emphasizing the need for integrated management approaches to minimize their long-term ecological and human health consequences.