Surface functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles with a quaternary ammonium organosilane leads to ionically modified nanoparticles. Upon exchange with a poly(ethylene glycol)-tailed sulfonate anion (A−), strongly photoluminescent nanoparticles result, which exhibit liquidlike behavior in the absence of solvents.
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Bourlinos et al. (2006) studied this question.
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