In situ upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils via nanocatalysis

Thermal in situ bitumen production has introduced a different engineering approach compared to conventional oil exploitation. Steam injection for example, allows the development of a relatively confined liquid and gas chamber surrounding and along the length of the production wells. This heated place can be converted into a reactor for upgrading processes founding expectations of extensive reservoir upgrading of unconventional oils reducing the total energy currently required to both exploit the reservoir and surface upgrade the produced bitumen. These could also selectively transform contaminants into harmless products remaining in the reservoir. This article highlights the nanocatalytic in situ upgrading paths that may result in economical and environmentally efficient oil sands exploitation.