Leukocyte activation and inflammation in acute myocardial infarction: novel insights from cell population data

Figures

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  Figure 1. Comparison of patient characteristics and cell population data in relation to one-year mortality. (A-D) Comparison of cellular concentrations of neutrophils (A), lymphocytes (B), monocytes (C), and immature granulocytes (D) between living patients (n=529) and those who died from cardiovascular causes within one year of inclusion (n=29). (E) Volcano plot illustrating differential cell population data between deceased (n=29) and living subjects (n=529). X-axis: Log2 fold change (cardiovascular deceased/living), Y-axis: −log10(p-value). Dashed line represents a p-value of 0.05. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001 Mann Whitney test was performed for all tests. CV, cardiovascular; NE, Neutrophils; LY, Lymphocytes; MO, Monocytes; IG, Immature Granulocytes; SFL, side fluorescence light intensity; WY, heterogeneity in fluorescence intensity; SSC, side-scattered.

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  Figure 2. Predictive value of neutrophil heterogeneity in fluorescence intensity and immature granulocyte concentration for cardiovascular mortality. (A, C) Kaplan-Meier curve of CV mortality stratified by NE-WY (A) or IG count (C). Patients were categorized into two groups based on NE-WY value or IG count. The optimal ratio for discriminating mortality was determined by using Youden’s Index from the ROC curve. Statistical significance was assessed using the log-rank test (npatients=558); (B, D) Forest plots showing Odd Ratio values and 95% CI of multivariate logistic regression analysis for NE-WY (C) or IG count (F), adjusted for confounding factors, and CV mortality (npatients=558). OR, Odd Ratio; CI, confidence intervals; NE, Neutrophils; WY, heterogeneity in fluorescence intensity; IG, Immature Granulocytes; CV, cardiovascular.

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  Figure 3. Inflammatory markers show distinct correlation patterns with cell population data. Heatmaps illustrating the Spearman correlation coefficients between IL-1β (npatients=217), IL-6 (npatients=301), MPO (npatients=496) or hs-CRP (npatients=572) and cell counts (A) or fluorescent parameters (B). Each cell represents the correlation coefficient, with values ranging from -1 (blue) to +1 (red). Spearman test was performed for all tests. Significance was assessed using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. IL, interleukin; MPO, myeloperoxidase; hs-CRP, high sensitive C reactive protein; NE, Neutrophils; LY, Lymphocytes; MO, Monocytes; IG, Immature Granulocytes; SSC, side scatter; SFL, side fluorescence light intensity; FSC, forward scatter; WX, heterogeneity in cell complexity; WY, heterogeneity in fluorescence intensity; WZ, heterogeneity in size.

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  Figure 4. Main associations between plasma fatty acids and cell population data. Heatmaps illustrating the Spearman correlation coefficients between plasma fatty acid and cell counts (A) or fluorescent parameters (B) (npatients=572). Each cell represents the correlation coefficient, with values ranging from -1 (blue) to +1 (red). Spearman test was performed for all tests. Significance was assessed using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001. NE, Neutrophils; LY, Lymphocytes; MO, Monocytes; IG, Immature Granulocytes; SSC, side scatter; SFL, side fluorescence light intensity; FSC, forward scatter; WX, heterogeneity in cell complexity; WY, heterogeneity in fluorescence intensity; WZ, heterogeneity in size.