Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Design
Review
Consolidates inotropic mechanisms for clinical reference; extends the literature by organizing evidence to guide future research.
Cardiac inotropic mechanisms have been studied by basic and clinical scientists for many years. New knowledge and insights into cardiac muscle physiology and pharmacology, as well as novel drugs for the treatment of cardiac diseases, have resulted from these research efforts. This article reviews known inotropic mechanisms (both pharmacological and nonpharmacological) and provides background for more complete discussions of novel inotropic mechanisms found in this supplement issue.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Peter K. S. Siegl (1986) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: