Bosonic and fermionic transport phenomena of ultracold atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices

Using the microcanonical picture of transport---a framework ideally suited to describe the dynamics of closed quantum systems such as ultracold atom experiments---we show that the exact dynamics of noninteracting fermions and bosons exhibits very different transport properties when the system is set out of equilibrium by removing the particles from half of the lattice. We find that fermions rapidly develop a finite quasisteady-state current reminiscent of electronic transport in nanoscale systems. This result is robust---it occurs with or without a harmonic confining potential and at zero or finite temperature. The zero-temperature bosonic current instead exhibits strong oscillatory behavior that decays into a steady-state of zero current only in the thermodynamic limit. These differences appear most strikingly in the different particle number fluctuations on half of the lattice as a consequence of the spin statistics. These predictions can be readily verified experimentally.