Recent advances in TiO₂‐based catalysts for N₂ reduction reaction

Nitrogen (N 2 ) fixation under mild conditions is a promising approach for green production of ammonia (NH 3 ). In the past decades, various advanced catalysts have been fabricated to achieve this goal through electrocatalytic and photocatalytic processes. Among them, the TiO 2 ‐based catalysts have been recognized as promising candidates due to their high activity, low cost, chemical stability, and nontoxicity. In this review, recent advances in the fabrication of high‐performance TiO 2 ‐based materials for N 2 reduction reaction (NRR) under mild conditions are summarized, including electrocatalytic and photocatalytic NRR. The design principles, synthetic strategies, and corresponding chemical/physical properties of TiO 2 ‐based NRR catalysts are described in detail. Moreover, the key challenges and potential opportunities in this field are presented and discussed.