Review of Design, Operating, and Financial Considerations in Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems

In this work, measures available for the reduction of sulfur dioxide stack emissions are discussed. The various flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies available in the market, for the reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions, are presented. The process descriptions are discussed and the capital and operating costs of the various methods are presented. Also, possible sources of raw materials required in each process and the viable means of disposal of the end products are discussed. In the FGD market throughout the world, limestone wet scrubbers take the lead, the byproduct of which is a marketable gypsum. Most of the second (other wet scrubbing) covers the similar process but produces a disposal product. This sector also includes the seawater scrubbing process. Other significant sectors include spray dry scrubbers, regenerable processes, and sorbent injection systems. Combined SO2/NOx processes have a small share, and the trend is not expected to change.