Key result
Statins exert multiple cholesterol-independent anti-atherosclerotic effects, though direct clinical relevance remains unclarified.
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Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, statins, have been demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with a wide range of cholesterol levels. Numerous cholesterol-independent effects of statins that may limit atherosclerosis are probably related to inhibition of the geranylgeranylation of GTP-binding intracellular signaling proteins and involve: improved vasoreactivity, mostly through increased NO bioavailability; decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha), C-reactive protein, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue factor with the subsequent inhibition of thrombin generation; reduced platelet activity; increased thrombomodulin expression; enhanced fibrinolysis, regulation of angiogenesis and immunomodulation. However, the clinical relevance of multiple protective effects induced by statins has not been clarified yet.
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Celińska‐Löwenhoff et al. (2004) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) was evaluated. Statins exhibit multiple cholesterol-independent anti-atherosclerotic effects, though their exact clinical relevance remains unclarified.
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