Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Percutaneous access to a pelvic kidney was obtained by retrograde nephrostomy in combination with continuous observation and displacement of bowel loops via a laparoscope. A staghorn calculus was removed by ultrasonic lithotripsy and mechanical extraction, and the patient was discharged from the hospital 5 days later.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Eshghi et al. (1985) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: