Why the study?
Does the epidural scoring scale for arm movements (ESSAM) reliably detect cephalad spread of thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?
Population
n=40 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery receiving high thoracic epidural analgesia
Design
Cohort
Authors
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ESSAM may support early detection of high thoracic epidural spread in CABG; hypothesis-generating and leaves open reliability before practice change.
Does the epidural scoring scale for arm movements (ESSAM) reliably detect cephalad spread of thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?
The ESSAM scale provides a simple and reliable method for early detection of cephalad spread of high thoracic epidural analgesia in CABG patients, allowing for timely reduction of infusion rates to prevent apnea.
Elrazek et al. (1999) studied this question.
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