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The objective of this paper is to predict the tunnel advance rate in the construction of a several‐mile‐long, small‐diameter (3–3.5 m) tunnel in soft rock. For this purpose, the CYCLONE simulation system is used. Several simulation models are developed to investigate the effect of different variables on the tunnel advance rate. At first the suitable tunneling method, including the tunnel support and material handling system, is selected by reviewing similar projects completed in recent years. Various cycle times and durations, e.g., TBM penetration rate and train travel time, are carefully calculated, based on previous tunneling jobs. After specifying the construction method and duration times, the developed simulation models are described. The impact of each major variable on the tunnel advance rate is studied by sensitivity analysis. These variables include the TBM penetration rate, the train travel time, the number of muck trains, the type of rock, and the rock standup time. Simulation models quantify the effect of each of these variables on the tunnel advance rate.
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Touran et al. (1987) studied this question.
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