Oxygenation and carbon dioxide control in water reuse systems

Control of dissolved gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, is an essential component of intensive water reuse systems. Control of both dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations is typically carried out by means of gas transfer processes, although chemical processes are also used to control carbon dioxide concentration. Theoretical and practical considerations of oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal are reviewed in this paper. The theory of gas transfer is presented in general terms, followed by a more detailed description of the basis for a new calculation procedure for carbon dioxide degassing processes. Equipment used for oxygen injection is described, and a new method for estimating packed column degassing parameters is introduced.