Mammography as Screening for Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in American women. Screening mammograms are recommended for women starting at age 40 for the early detection of breast cancer. An additional benefit of this routine screening tool may be to detect breast arterial calcifications (BAC) as a possible sign of CAD. The purpose of this study was to determine further the relationship between mammographically detected BAC and CAD. The medical records of 44 women who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution over 5 years were reviewed. These mammograms were examined for evidence of BAC. For all women included in the study, 18 of 44 (41%) had evidence of BAC on screening mammogram. This was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) compared with the prevalence of BAC reported in the general population in previous studies. Most were also overweight (61.1%), had hypertension (88.8%), and hypercholesterolemia (55.5%). This is the first study to look at the direct correlation between patients with known CAD requiring revascularization and BAC. Perhaps women with BAC seen on screening mammography should undergo further workup for CAD, with the potential benefit of early intervention.