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Urea-assisted aqueous exfoliation of graphite was found to be more efficient than exfoliation in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and high-quality graphene was obtained with a yield up to 2.4%. The mechanism in which a primary amine facilitates aqueous exfoliation was proposed and experimentally validated, which may inspire new strategies for efficient liquid exfoliation.
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He et al. (2015) studied this question.
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