Provides a practical guide on the key elements of the physical examination for patients with heart failure.
May aid HF physical exam skills; leaves open prospective validation of diagnostic or outcome impact.
The major components of the physical examination of patients with heart failure are presented to allow practical application by physicians and nurses working in this arena. Part II contains the key elements of the chest, precordial‐cardiac, hepatic, and peripheral examination in this specific clinical setting. Supplemental maneuvers are provided. Finally, the overall role and merits of the physical examination in managing the heart failure patient are discussed.
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Leier et al. (2007) studied this question.
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