Right ventricular strain rate predicts clinical outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism

BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic quantification of global and regional right ventricular (RV) function is critical in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), but remains a challenge particularly in acute RV dilatation. METHODS: Apical two-dimensional images of patients with acute PE were analyzed using both conventional and speckle tracking imaging compared with controls; patients with PE were divided into those who received thrombolysis and those who did not. The basal, mid and apical segments of the RV free wall and septum were analyzed. Correlations between speckle tracking measurements and in-hospital mortality were made. RESULTS: 53 patients with PE were compared with 15 controls. Of the PE patients, 98.1% were treated with systemic anticoagulation, 15.1% with thrombolysis; 38% required ICU admission and 5.6% died. Strain rate of the mid interventricular septum and strain of the basal and mid interventricular septal segments were significantly lower in patients with PE than control. However, strain rate of the basal RV free wall was higher than controls. In thrombolysed patients, basal RV free wall strain rate was lower than in non-thrombolysed patients. RV strain rate significantly correlated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Speckle tracking may be a sensitive tool for assessing RV dysfunction and predicting mortality in patients with PE in this pilot study.