The surface sensitivity of second-harmonic generation has been utilized to measure the spatial and frequency dependence of the local field generated at the surface of a nearly free-electron metal by an external electromagnetic field. The second-harmonic signal as a function of film thickness for a thin layer of alkali metal deposited onto a single-crystal substrate produces a direct image of the damped oscillatory longitudinal field generated in the metal in response to the external field.
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Song et al. (1988) studied this question.
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