Examining the Creep Characteristics of Basalt Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Grouted Bolts in Mixed Soil

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The use of basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) bolts has been investigated for their potential in improving the properties of anchorage systems in mixed soil environments, particularly for their lightweight, high strength, and durable characteristics. An experimental study was performed to examine the creep behavior of BFRP anchorage systems under pullout conditions in colluvial and deluvial mixed soil in Western Sichuan. The initial pullout force and the pullout force at creep failure were determined through the analysis of a theoretical model and creep tests. A power-hyperbolic creep empirical model was developed to describe the deceleration and stable creep stages of the BFRP bolt. The results of the study indicated that the improved generalized Burgers model was better suited to describe the accelerated creep process of BFRP bolts compared to the classical model. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the creep behavior of BFRP anchorage systems in mixed soil environments and have implications for the design and construction of infrastructure projects.