Immersion experiments were conducted to evaluate the corrosion performance of commercially available Monel 400 in simulated nuclear steam generator environments. Monel 400 is susceptible to dealloying at open circuit in the presence of Cu 2+ ions, which stabilize metallic copper when present at sufficiently high concentration. A mechanism is proposed for dealloying of Monel 400 in nuclear steam generators due to Cu 2+ accumulation within steam generator sludge piles.
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Williams et al. (2025) studied this question.
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