Why the study?
Advanced adrenocortical carcinoma carries a poor prognosis, and standard second-line therapy has not been determined after failure of first-line chemotherapy.
Pembrolizumab combined with mitotane may offer a durable response in patients with microsatellite instability-high advanced adrenocortical carcinoma who fail first-line therapy.
Hypothesis-generating for pembrolizumab-mitotane in refractory MSI-high ACC; prospective trials needed before practice change.
Introduction: Advanced adrenocortical carcinoma has a poor prognosis and is treated with chemotherapy that includes mitotane with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin as first-line therapy. However, second-line therapy has not been determined yet. Pembrolizumab has been approved for high microsatellite instability for which standard treatments have failed. Case presentation: Here, we present a patient with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma treated with complete surgical resection. 21 months later, he had local and metastatic recurrences. After four cycles of first-line therapy, we switched to pembrolizumab because microsatellite instability-high was detected in his tumor. He has received mitotane and pembrolizumab for 15 months, and this has exerted a radiographical response without severe adverse events. Conclusion: We presented a patient with microsatellite instability-high advanced adrenocortical carcinoma treated with pembrolizumab and mitotane.
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Senda et al. (2023) studied this question.
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