In ASDEX Upgrade the excitation of the fishbone instability has been experimentally investigated. The initial frequency of the fishbone oscillation scales with the toroidal precession frequency of the fast trapped ions. A new feature, the coupling of the fishbone mode with the edge localized mode (ELM) instability during high-β discharges, is found. Fishbones occur in ASDEX Upgrade only for β fast = β tor /(1+τ E /τ sd ) above a certain threshold. It is thus possible to calculate their destabilization regime in terms of global plasma parameters, such as plasma current, plasma density, toroidal magnetic field and central electron temperature.
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Kass et al. (1998) studied this question.
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