Transgenic papaya expressing the coat protein gene of the mild papaya ringspot virus strain from Hawaii (PRV HA 5-1) showed high levels of resistance against the severe PRV HA isolate from Hawaii. Inoculation with high concentrations of the virus, multiple mechanical inoculations, or graft inoculations failed to break the resistance of transgenic papaya. Virus recovery assays from these inoculated plants suggested that virus replication and movement were impaired. Transgenic papaya also showed high levels of resistance against severe PRV isolates recently collected from Hawaii. Similarly, PRV HA 5-1 cross-protected papaya offered high levels of protection against two of the three isolates from Hawaii
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Paula Tennant (1994) studied this question.