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The COVID-19 pandemic has placed the practice of medicine at a threshold overlooking a new and different era,1 and has led to the evolving concept of COVID-19 cytokine storm syndrome (COVID-19-CSS). Early in the pandemic, high levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed in patients with poor outcomes. Comparison with other cytokine storm syndromes, such as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), which are characterised by an excessive and deleterious immune response, led to the idea of a maladaptive immune response driving COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.
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Chen et al. (2021) studied this question.
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