Assessing the development of mental fatigue during simulated flights with concurrent EEG-fNIRS measurement

31 university students (20 male, 11 female, mean age 24.1 years) with no flying experience, no pilot's licence, right-handed, normal vision/hearing, no neurological conditions, and initial Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score ≤6.

90-minute simulated flight task to induce mental fatigue via time on task.

Baseline (before task onset) and early task blocks.

Mental fatigue assessed via subjective ratings (KSS, F-ISA), task performance (1-back accuracy, monitoring reaction time), and physiological measures (EEG band power, fNIRS cortical activation).surrogate