long way since the Body of Liberties written in 1641 by the Puritans, which states in Article 92 [N]o man shall exercise any Tirranny or Crueltie towards any bruite Creature which are usually kept for man's use. Laws passed in the 1860s at the behest of humanitarians such as Henry Bergh, the founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in New York City, and George Thorndike Angell, founder of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, were copied almost verbatim by all state legislative bodies and have been added to or modernized multiple times over 130 years. Billions of animals in most areas of commerce
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Armstrong et al. (2001) studied this question.
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