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In the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project steady-state hollow electron temperature ( Tₑ) profiles have been sustained with strong off-axis electron cyclotron heating, creating a region of reversed magnetic shear. In this region the effective electron thermal diffusivity ( χₑᵖᵇ) is close to neoclassical in high density plasmas. For medium density, χₑᵖᵇ is lower than neoclassical and may even be negative, indicating that off-diagonal elements in the transport matrix drive an electron heat flux up the Tₑ gradient.
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Hogeweij et al. (1996) studied this question.
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