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A loaded ultrawideband unidirectional folded triangular bowtie antenna is proposed for ground penetrating radar (GPR) applications covering the (0.5-3 GHz) frequency range. The behavior of the proposed structure has been modeled and optimized using full-wave numerical simulations and measurements, in far-field and near-field settings in both time and frequency domains in free space and sandy medium. In particular, an impedance bandwidth of 100% with standing-wave ratio ≤ 2, a broadside gain between 5 and 12 dBi, for total antenna size of 1.4λm×λm, λmfree space wavelength at the center frequency, are achieved as confirmed by laboratory-controlled measurements in free space and in GPR settings.
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Serhir et al. (2017) studied this question.
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