On the Statistical Theory of Errors

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Excerpts from the article: Some of the recent advances in probability and mathematical statistics throw considerable light on the theory of errors. Problems that arise in drawing conclusions from observations are essentially statistical and should be handled as such. Unfortunately, the literature on statistics has received but scant notice from writers of treatises on errors. The present paper is the result of an attempt to gather the elements of the statistics of a single sample into one place for ready reference, in order to promote the study of general methods for the interpretation of observational data.