The Relation of Sleep Respiration Disorders and Cardiovascular Risk

Aim. To assess the relation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by the data of Berlin questionnaire and risk of fatal cardiovascular events. Material and methods. Totally, 275 persons studied (115 males, 160 females) age 25-64 y.o., with unknown cardiovascular complications, underwent structured interview. The risk of sleep-disordered breathing was assessed by Berlin questionnaire, cardiovascular risk — by SCORE. Anthropometric parameters were studied, as lipid profile, fasting glucose, uric acid, creatinine, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, leptin. Results. The increased OSAS risk according to Berlin questionnaire was found in 7,3% of the studies. Most (90,0%) common was concomitance of the components of OSAS such as snoring/stops of respiration and cardiometabolic disorders. Males more frequently complained on snoring/ stops of breathing — 21,7% vs 6,3% (p=0,001), that determined higher general risk of OSAS among them comparing to women — 11,3% vs 4,4% (p=0,03). For males (1,7%) and females (3,1%) the complaints on daytime sleepiness were less common. Among those 40 y.o. and older the increased risk of OSAS was found in 9,8%, comparing to 1,2% younger than 40 y.o. (p=0,01). In higher OSAS risk there was higher total cholesterol — 6,10±0,18 vs 5,53±0,09 mM/L (p=0,05) and low density lipoproteides — 4,17±0,19 vs 3,59±0,08 mM/L (p=0,02); they were more often overweight — body mass index 31,73±1,19 vs 27,71±0,38 kg/m2 (p=0,001), and had higher systolic pressure — 134,89±4,96 vs 126,72±1,18 mmHg. (p=0,04) and diastolic pressure — 84,26±2,69 vs 78,55±0,80 mmHg (p=0,03). Respondents with higher risk of OSAS regardless the gender, did not differ by SCORE. While determine the specific combinations of OSAS components, there was no independent significance of snoring/respiration pauses and daytime sleepiness in the total cardiovascular risk by SCORE. Conclusion. In the Russian population, higher OSAS risk is associated with the signs of metabolic syndrome. Berlin questionnaire does not reveal the subgroups of those who have OSAS risk together with cardiovascular risk.